Scandal in the Social Security Institute in Honduras: Key Witness Shot This Afternoon in San Pedro Sula

Today in San Pedro Sula, Juan Charles Bográn Velasquez, a key witness in the IHSS scandal was shot 14 times while driving in his vehicle with his body guard, Julio César España Chinchilla. It is suspected that Bográn Velasquez will not survive given the extent of his injuries.

David Romero of Globo TV announced this information over his radio and TV program this afternoon. The man that was shot was a witness in the IHSS corruption scandal that involved the looting of $350 million dollars from the Social Security Institute (IHSS) in 2012 and 2013 during the Porfirio "Pepe" Lobo administration. The IHSS provides medical care and pensions to approximately 600,000 public and private sector workers and their families around the country.

Photo caption: Banner reads, "Punishment for the corrupt individuals that looted the IHSS funds to finance the political campaign of the National Party." Source: El Heraldo

The IHSS scandal is not new in Honduras but has received a lot of national and international attention over the last few days because of new evidence that has emerged that allegedly proves that the money stolen from the IHSS was transferred to the National Party. The money was then suspected to have been used to finance the National Party's campaign in the 2013 Elections. The evidence that has recently emerged via David Romero from Globo TV includes a series of cheques - some actually written to the National Party of Honduras - and others in the name of ghost companies that were suspected to have been created to launder the money. The evidence also includes the names of individuals involved with the ghost companies, many of which are closely tied to the National Party. Bográn Velasquez - the man just shot today - was involved himself in one of the ghost companies and was expected to testify (if the case ever moved forward in the Ministerio Publico) about the link between the stolen money, the high level government officials including the President of Honduras Juan Orlando Hernandez that are allegedly involved in the scandal, and the role of the ghost companies.

Last week, a new Social Protection Law was approved in the Honduran National Congress that dramatically transforms the IHSS and essentially privatizes the institution. The reforms of the IHSS under the new law were one of the Structural Adjustments demanded by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that approved a loan to the Honduran government in December 2014. Interesting, Mauricio Oliva of the National Party, the current President of the National Congress oversaw the approval of the new IHSS law last week, and was also part of the Health Commission in the Honduran Congress that oversaw the approval of the millions of dollars of contracts to the ghost companies during the last administration.

The new IHSS law passed last week (but that has not been published), reduces the monthly contributions the Honduran state is required to make to the IHSS; dramatically transforms the way that pension funds are managed; and significantly reduces medical and pension benefits for public and private workers. Under the new law, the IHSS will simply act as an administrating body that will subcontract health care services to private clinics and hospitals.

Since the $350 million dollars were stolen from the IHSS, the services in the IHSS hospitals have deteriorated significantly. Once known as the best hospitals in the country, patients and their family members are now required to purchase medications and all medical supplies from private pharmacies and medical supply companies before receiving adequate medical attention in the IHSS. The implications of the $350 million stolen from the IHSS have meant a major deterioration of healthcare services, but also contributed to the public discouragement in the IHSS and most recently, been used as a justification to privatize it's services.

May Day 2015 in Tegucigalpa: Snap shots from the street


Waiting for the May Day march to get started in the La Granaja neighbourhood in Comeyaguela (Tegucigalpa).


Street theatre by Honduran women drawing attention to the high levels of violence against women and femicide. Sign reads "Sorry for the inconvenience but they are murdering us". The women lying on the ground represent the 14-year old high school student Soad Nicole Bustillo Ham thought to be killed by death squads; Margarita Murillo, campesina leader murdered in Villanueva (northern Honduras) in August 2014; Maria Jose Alvarado known as Miss Honduras murdered in November 2014 days before she was set to participate in a world beauty contest; and a woman killed after being sexually assaulted.


14-year old Soad Nicole's body was found on the side of a dirt road wrapped in a sheet. Sign reads "Soad Nicole Ham, Student of the Vicente Caceres Central Institute, 13-years old, March 25, 2015, strangled, "student struggle"". Throughout the march, University students carried what people call an encostalado or a murdered body found wrapped in either a sheet or in a sack. A costal in Spanish means a sack and an encostalado refers to a person that has been murdered and their body has been put into a sack normally found deposited at the side of a road/street.

Workers from the Workers' Union of the National Property Institute (STEPIP) carry signs that read "Mr. President. You lied to the people and the working class, promising a better life [using the infamous name of Juan Orlando Hernandez's social program "Vida Mejor"] and each day, we are worse". Sign on right "Why are you hitting and killing us students?, Because you are student beasts"

Another creative and awesome presence by women and feminists groups that danced, sang, made noise and banged drums throughout the march. Signs (from left to right) read: "Vanessa Zepeda, born on April 29, 1981, nurse by profession, part of SITRAIHSS [Workers' Union of the National Social Security Institute], Victim of feminicide by her parter, Dr. Rafael Alejandro Sierra. She would have been 34 years old two days ago if she were still here" [Vanessa is known as one of the martrys of the FNRP that was killed shortly after the military coup] and "Women are a revolution inside the 'revolution'".

Workers from STIBYS (Workers' Union of the Beverage and Related Products Industry) dancing around with matching t-shirts that read "STIBYS: 61 years in the anti-capitalist struggle, No to the dictator", "Venezuela is not a threat, its hope"

Yes, this is a picture of a wall but couldn't help myself - the message is so awesome. "Get out foreign/US troops!"

Hondurans living in the 19th Department of Honduras (outside of the country), Lynn, Tito Meza, and Oliver Hernán Valladares and members of the Honduras Solidarity Network. Signs read "Department 19, struggling with the people" and "Honduras Solidarity Network (HSN) and Department 19 in solidarity with the working class"

Youth spray paint the front of the National Party headquarters as the march passes by. Painting reads "Julieta Castellanos [Rector of the National Public University (UNAH)] is a national party supporter"

After a long walk, we arrived to the National Congress, and then to the park in the center for speeches.

USAID Funding Education in Honduras, Criminalization of Student Protests & International Solidarity

Photo caption: A poster carried in the marches and circulating around social media. The picture of Soad Nicole Ham Bustillo, the 14-year old high school student killed shortly after her face was splashed across various Honduran media outlets demanding to either Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez or Education Minister, Marlon Escoto that: "fuck, hey, fuck, we don’t even have chairs, man, buy chairs, you old son of a bitch”

Update #1 April 16, 2015: How USAID is part of the Privatization of Education in Honduras

According to this article: "At the summit [Seventh Summit of the Americas in Panama City], the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) announced it will invest $35 million “in a new higher education program designed to strengthen the capacity of technical training institutions in the region to provide market-relevant training for disadvantaged populations in Central America and the Caribbean.” The April 10 announcement is part of the Obama administration’s overall effort to improve higher education and technical training across these regions.

This announcement seems harmless, in fact, quite good for those thinking that the US could not possibly be promoting their neoliberal and imperialist agenda by financing education. However, in Honduras, USAID has played a very controversial and undermining role in public education and pushed for reforms that public school students are in the streets protesting.

This investment in education is announced as Honduran university and high school students protest school closures, alterations of class hours, insecurity in the country, and underfunded public education. High school students are maintaining their protests and being gassed and repressed by the Honduran police. One director of a high school where students have maintained protests, was suspended for one-year for not handing over the names of the student leaders that were leading or involved in the resistance.

Early this week, the Minister of Education, Marlon Escoto publicly stated that over 30,000 gang members are studying in the public education, and the protests are being led by the mareros (gangs). This is an attempt to once again criminalize the student population by 'blaming it on the gangs' similar to the discourse used to cover up the death-squad style killings of the four high school students at the end of March. Many Honduran groups and pro-resistance media are saying the government is repeating the false positive strategy employed under Plan Columbia by accusing the four assassinated students involved in the protests, of being mareros.

USAID role is fundamental to the on-going neoliberal changes in public education. For years, USAID has financed former President Ricardo Maduro's foundation, FEREMA, that helps coordinate "community-managed schools" called PROHECO schools in rural areas offering kindergarten and elementary school education to 6th grade. PROHECO schools are the alternatives to the government investing in building rural public schools or offered in areas where public education isn't available. Teachers associations describe the PROHECO schools as nothing short of a privatized parallel to public schools, which are fundamentally linked to the destruction of the collective bargaining power of teachers' associations and labor exploitation. In PROHECO schools, teachers are paid much less and are not required to have a formal teaching education like all teachers in the public system. Teachers in PROHECO schools are also largely hired based on their loyalty to the political party in power (National party). Political patronage (and some great academic research has shown this) has severely reduced the effectiveness of the schools and the so-called "community participation" in their management, causing conflicts between parents, teachers, and the local municipality. For example, two PROHECO schools have been burnt to the ground in Choloma and San Francisco de Lempira b/c of the conflict between the National party and family members over the way the schools were being managed and teachers being hired.

Photo caption: A banner erected at the entrance of the Vicente Caceres Central Institute, the largest secondary public school and where Soad Nicole Ham studied before she was killed. Banner reads "no to death squads - Soad Nicole lives"

Yesterday, USAID together with the Honduran police handed out 4,000 back packs to an elementary school in an "high-risk" neighbourhood in San Pedro Sula. The recent expansion of the Recreovias program coordinated with local police and military police - funded by USAID and the US Embassy - aims to create safe spaces and anti-gang initiatives in "high risk neighbourhoods" and with programs like Guardianas de la Patria, USAID are funding an indoctrination of youth to "military values" as so called "place-based approaches" in certain high risk neighbourhoods.

So as USAID finances private educational initiatives in rural areas by funding FEREMA, a major advocate for the expansion of private education, the public education is being destroyed by closing schools, limiting public school programs, and forcing students with little or no options to pay expensive rates for inferior private education. USAID also finances the Association for a More Just Society (the Honduran partner for Transparency International) that created Transformemos Honduras, a 'civil society initiative' that is 100% golpista, that in 2011 when the teachers were in the streets protesting the privatization of education, put together a website around the country where parents (or anyone really) could electronically complain about public teachers that were protesting and not showing up for class. The electronic complain system is still active.


Update #2 April 13, 2015: Protest in front of Ministerio Publico in Tegucigalpa & International Solidarity

Student protests in Honduras continue today. At the moment, students from the Honduran Technical Institute in La Kennedy, Tegucigalpa are confronting repression by Honduran police as they occupy their high school. The students are protesting the one-year suspension of the school's director, Nelson Calix for allegedly supporting their struggle and for not handing over the names of student leaders involved in the protests.

The Honduran technical institute is one of the schools that the government is talking about closing, along with other high schools that offer specialized programs.

Last Wednesday, various groups (approximately 300 people) led by COPINH and OFRANEH protested outside of the Ministerio Publico (MP) in Tegucigalpa, demanding justice for the four students that were killed at the end of March. Berta Caceres of COPINH read the HSN's solidarity letter (copied below) to the student movement. At the same time as the gathering in front of the MP, students protesting around the country occupying their schools or taking to the streets.

Photo caption: Protest coordinated by various organizations in Tegucigalpa in front of Ministerio Publico, April 8, 2015.

In efforts to criminalize and intimidate the student movement, five high school students from a normal school in Tegucigalpa were also expelled for their involvement. So far, no one has been held accountable for the deaths of the four students killed at the end of March, however the Honduran media (and the government) has tried very hard to give the impression that investigations were happening, arrests were made, and that the deaths were linked to gangs instead of government-led repression and death squads.

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April 8, 2015

To: Honduran Public High School and University Students in Resistance,

On behalf of over 30 organizations from the United States and Canada, the Honduras Solidarity Network (HSN) extends its deepest condolences to the family members, peers, and friends of the four students – Soad Nicole Ham Bustillo, Darwin Josué Martínez, Elvin Antonio López, and Diana Yareli Montoya – who were murdered on March 24 and 25, 2015 in Tegucigalpa.

We condemn the death squad-style killings of these four high school students, who had been involved in student protests in the days leading up to their murder. We are also outraged at the repression and terror campaign that the student and social movements face in the country as they organize street protests across the country to oppose neoliberal reforms to public education. These reforms - including closing teaching and technical schools, extending class times, and eliminating night classes, amongst others - are being implemented by the Honduran government with direct financing and support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United States government’s Agency for International Development (USAID).

As a network that opposes US imperialism in Honduras, we express our shame in the US government’s unconditional support for the Honduran government and state forces that commit gross human rights violations with complete impunity, against children and youth. We condemn the participation of John Kelly, the Commander of the US Southern Command and Erin Logan, a high-level White House representative in the “Central American Conference on Transnational Security” in Tegucigalpa on March 25 – the same day that news surfaced about the murder of the four high school students. The involvement of the US and Canadian governments in “security” in Honduras and Central America is not producing safer streets or reducing the high levels of violence in the country. Instead the US and Canada trains and funds Honduran security forces to repress protesting students, indigenous and Afro-indigenous populations protecting their natural resources and land, women, the LGBT community, and campesinos, amongst others.

We stand in solidarity with the Honduran student movement, the Plataforma del Movimiento Social y Popular de Honduras (PMSPH), and the Frente Nacional de Resistencia Popular (FNRP) in demanding justice for the four murdered students, and their struggle for free, universal, and accessible public education in Honduras.

Sincerely,

Honduras Solidarity Network (HSN)

Protesting State-led Death Squads & Repression Against Students

On Thursday, March 26th, a protest took place in Tegucigalpa led by university students and supported by various supporters of the FNRP. The protest was called to express outrage about the death-squad style murders of four high school students including 14-year old Soad Nicolle Ham Bustillo. 


Photo caption: Banner reads from left to right, "no to death squads" and " long live Soad Nicole Ham Bustillo"

Banner and signs carried by protesters expressed the sadness and outrage about the murdered students that had been involved in protesting poor conditions in public schools including lack of adequate supplies and under-funding, and reforms that attempt to privatize public education. 



Photo caption: banner carried by students reads "Old JOH [acronym for President Juan Orlando Hernandez] son of a bitch" repeating the words of Soad Ham screamed into the microphone of a newsbroad caster from TV Globo days before she was brutally murdered.


Photo caption: Protesters marched to the Presidential House but were met with a strong military and police presence that blocked off the road and prevented protesters from continuing. 

Photo caption: sign reads "Justice for Soad Nicole"

Education Crisis in Honduras: Protests in Streets & Four Students Involved in Protests Killed Last Night

Photo caption: High school students protest and fight the repression from state forces, Vicente Caceres Central Institute, March 17, 2015.

Right now, Honduran university and high school students are protesting against various reforms the Honduran government is attempting to implement in public education. Police and military are firing tear gas at University students that have occupied the National Autonomous University (UNAH) in Tegucigalpa and the press is reporting that four students have already been arrested, some beated. University students are protesting in solidarity with high school students that have taken to the streets and been repressed by state forces for days.

Photo caption: Protests in the National Autonomous University, March 2015

Since Monday, March 16th, high school students from various public schools in at least Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and Intibuca have taken to the streets to demand that the Ministry of Education stop the implementation of extended class times that would require the students to stay in classes until 7:00 pm in the evening. High school students are against finishing classes late in the evening given the extreme levels of insecurity in the country. The extended class times would also eliminate night classes, an essential program for students from low-income families that must work during the day to support their families and pay for their education.

In San Pedro Sula right now, normalistas (high school students training to be teachers) are protesting the closure of normales which would require students aspiring to be teachers to pay for expensive secondary school education and/or migrant to urban areas to attend university given limited access around the country.

Last week, during a protest on the streets in Tegucigalpa near the high school Vicente Caceres Central Institute, two high school students Darío José Cabrera and José Luis Ochoa, were shot at and injured by a private security guard located near the protests. The Honduran press is now reporting that the body of a 13-year old female student was found earlier this morning, wrapped in sheets and dumped on the side of the street. The student had been involved in the protests at the Central Institute the previous day and was found murdered after never returning to her home after the protests. Late last night, the Honduran press reported that three high school students from the Institute Jesus Aguilar Paz in Tegucigalpa, were violently killed after leaving their night classes. Today, students from the same Institute joined others across the country protesting the deaths of their two compañeros, demanding justice and an end to the government's policies.

These reforms are fundamentally linked to privatization and decentralization efforts led by the International Financial institutions (IFIs) such as the World Bank, the InterAmerican Development Bank, the International Monetary Fund and USAID. Efforts to privatize primary and secondary education picked up pace after the June 2009 military coup in Honduras that was sparked by a "crisis" in the teacher's pension institution (IMPREMA). In response to the "crisis", the Honduran government together with the IFIs demanded reforms to public education around the country and approved the Fundamental Education Law that significantly reduced the collective power of teachers federations and making widespread change to public education. The new waves of protests around the country are a sign of further consolidation of the neoliberal reforms that the government is attempting to implement.

For background on the IFIs' role in education reform in Honduras and repression against teachers and students following the coup, see here.